Battle Of Zealand Point

The Battle of Zealand Point was a naval battle of the English Wars and the Gunboat War. Ships of the Danish and British navies fought off Zealand Point on 22 March 1808; the battle was a British victory. Peter Willemoes was among the Danish casualties,

Prelude

The Danish ship of the line '' HDMS Prinds Christian Frederik'' was stationed in Kristiansand, Norway from 7 August 1807, patrolling waters between Norway and Denmark where Britain had imposed a blockade. In February 1808, ''Prins Christian Frederik'' pursued the British ship into hiding. Having learned of the Danish ship, the British admiralty sent a squadron consisting of HMS ''Nassau'' (the former Danish ship-of-the-line ''Holsteen'', taken during the Battle of Copenhagen), , , and two brigs, and , to secure the waters. While this was going on ''Prins Christian Frederik'' became frozen in at Fredericksværn, near Kristiansand. She therefore did not set sail for Denmark until 4 March.Danish Military History
website (in Danish)

By the time ''Prins Christian Frederik'' reached Denmark, epidemic typhus had broken out among her crew. Ice in the Danish harbours prevented her from docking, and crew were replaced over the ice. On 17 March morale deteriorated further when news arrived that King Christian had died. She was ordered into the Great Belt (''Storebælt'') strait to provide cover for a crossing of a French army corps consisting of Spanish soldiers ordered by Jean Baptiste Jules Bernadotte (later King of Sweden) to attack Skåne. Having been alerted to the Danish plan, the British ships give chase. The British ships intended to outmanoeuvre, corner, and overpower ''Prins Christian Frederik''; Captain Carl Jessen, after conferring with his officers, decided to take a stand in order to gain enough of a tactical advantage to move into familiar waters and within the protective range of the cannon at Kronborg.

On Friday 18 March 1808 the crew of HMS ''Stately'' was employed cutting passages through the sea ice from their Swedish anchorage to allow ''Stately'' and ''Nassau'' to go to sea. Their Swedish pilots were discharged the next day when the squadron, comprising the three ships-of-the-line ''Nassau'', ''Stately'', and ''Vanguard'', the frigate , the two sloops ''Falcon'' and , and the gunbrig ''Constant'', formed up and live bullocks were transferred from ''Stately'' to ''Quebec'' and to ''Lynx''.Captain's Log of HMS ''Stately'' - National Archives, Kew, London ADM 51/1787Captain's Log of HMS ''Lynx'' - National Archives, Kew, London ADM 51/1767 The smaller ships patrolled the northern approaches to the Great Belt and the Øresund, within sight of the squadron or separately, investigating any strange sail. ''Quebec'' and ''Lynx'' were in company late on 21 March, then parted company early on 22nd before ''Quebec'' identified ''Prins Christian Frederik'' near Sejerø.Captain's Log of HMS ''Quebec'' - National Archives, Kew, London ADM 51/1850 ''Lynx'', and later , joined with ''Quebec'' in Sejerø Bay.

Course

In the hours before the battle ''Prins Christian Frederik'' was within sight of ''Quebec'' and ''Lynx''. At 2 mthe sloop, ''Falcon'', who recorded the signal from ''Quebec'' "Danish Line-of-battle-ship to windward", joined them and cleared for action. During the afternoon the Danish ship had reversed course and sailed northward round the reef at the west of Sjællands Odde (that long tongue of land at the northwest of Zealand), and was now headed eastward again, to the north of the land.
Shortly after 4 m''Stately'' and ''Nassau'' were sighted to the North East, and the signal, "inforced with a (signal) gun", of the presence of the enemy led to all ships making "all sail, in chace".

''Falcon'' and ''Nassau''s logs record that at 7:50pm ''rinds Christian Frederik'' fired the first shots when she fired her stern chasers at ''Nassau'', the foremost of her pursuers.Captain's Log of HMS ''Falcon'' - National Archives, Kew, London ADM 51/4446 By 8:05pm ''Nassau'' had drawn level and began returning broadsides, but forty minutes later she was in danger of blocking ''Stately''s field of fire. ''Nassau'' made more sail and moved ahead out of the way as ''Stately'' entered the fray. Action continued with the two British ships-of-the-line alternating their attacks until ''Prinds Christian Frederik'' struck. At this point ''Prinds Christian Frederik'' was aground 300 meters from the shore at .

Throughout the morning of 23 March the squadron's boats transported prisoners, and the ships' companies knotted, spliced, and ran new rigging. At noon, orders were sent to set fire to ''Prinds Christian Frederick'' as soon as all the wounded had been removed. The fire was set between 7:30 and 8:00pm and ''Prinds Christian Frederik'' blew up shortly before 9:00 pm.

''Stately'' had four men killed, and 31 officers and men wounded. ''Nassau'' lost one man killed, 17 officers and men wounded, and one man missing. ''Prins Christian Frederik'' lost 55 men killed and 88 men wounded. In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasps "Stately 22 March 1808" and "Nassau 22 March 1808" to any still surviving crew members of those vessels that chose to claim them.

Consequences and commemoration

''Prins Christian Frederik'' was the last of the Danish ships of the line during the Napoleonic Wars.

Peter Willemoes and the other Danish casualties were after the battle buried in a communal grave at Odden churchyard, near the scene of the Battle of Zealand Point, where their gravestone can still be seen. A monument commemorating the battle and the Danish casualties was also erected in the churchyard. It consists of a Neoclassical column featuring a plaque with an incidental poem by N.F.S. Grundtvig' ('De snekker de mødtes i kvæld på hav''). A commemorative stone with a relief of a crowned anchor and an inscription has been erected on the beach.

Odsherred Museum hosts a small display about the battle. It includes the anchor. ,a canon and a number of other artefacts from ''Prinds Christian Frederik''. A model of this ship hangs in Odden Church.

Christian Mølsted has painted a somewhat romantisized scene from the battle in which Willemoes is dying in the arms of second in command C. A. Rothe. It exists in two versions, one in Museum Vestfyn (1901) and one in the Frederiksborg Museum in Hillerød

HOME


Content is Copyleft
Website design, code, and AI is Copyrighted (c) 2014-2017 by Stephen Payne


Consider donating to Wikimedia



As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases